綜合起(qi)來冰(bing)(bing)漿蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技術克服(fu)了(le)盤管(guan)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)球(qiu)蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技術中(zhong)固有的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個難題，歸結如下:(盤管(guan)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)球(qiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冰(bing)(bing)工況(kuang)(kuang)只有空調工況(kuang)(kuang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 0.65，衰減(jian)很大(da)且在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冰(bing)(bing)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，隨著冰(bing)(bing)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)加厚，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)越(yue)來越(yue)低，當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冰(bing)(bing)結束時制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量只有額定制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冰(bing)(bing)工況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一半)冰(bing)(bing)漿制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冰(bing)(bing)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)高 20%以上(shang)(shang)紊(wen)流(liu)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)液(ye)交換創造了(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳熱條件，這(zhe)是盤管(guan)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)球(qiu)無(wu)法相(xiang)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de);-3°℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發器(qi)(qi)出(chu)水溫(wen)度保證了(le)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)比(bi)盤管(guan)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)-6℃高 10%以上(shang)(shang);水的(de)(de)(de)(de)結冰(bing)(bing)不(bu)像盤管(guan)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)球(qiu)附著在(zai)管(guan)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)，保證了(le)蓄(xu)冰(bing)(bing) 8 小時過程(cheng)中(zhong)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。冰(bing)(bing)漿換熱器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)板式(shi)設計，融冰(bing)(bing)側流(liu)速控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)0.6-0.8m/s較(jiao)佳。四川氣體射流(liu)冰(bing)(bing)漿蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)保溫(wen)

冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)統具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)穩(wen)定性。由(you)于冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)在融化(hua)過(guo)程中溫(wen)(wen)度(du)保持不變（即相變過(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)等溫(wen)(wen)性），因(yin)此它可以(yi)有效地(di)維持存儲空間或(huo)設(she)備(bei)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恒定溫(wen)(wen)度(du)。這種特性對于需要嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)尤(you)為重要，如食品(pin)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)庫(ku)、醫藥(yao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏈(lian)以(yi)及電子器件(jian)制(zhi)造等領(ling)域。例(li)如，在食品(pin)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏中，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)波動(dong)可能導致食材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量下降甚至腐(fu)爛(lan)，而(er)冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)能夠(gou)為儲存環境(jing)提供(gong)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)條件(jian)，從(cong)而(er)保證食品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新鮮(xian)度(du)和**性。此外，與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)設(she)備(bei)相比，冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技術具有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節能性。四川氣(qi)體射(she)流冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)保溫(wen)(wen)冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)系(xi)統采(cai)用(yong)乙二醇或(huo)氯化(hua)鈉溶液作為載(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑，需防腐(fu)設(she)計延(yan)長設(she)備(bei)壽(shou)命。

從(cong)經濟性角(jiao)度分(fen)析，冰漿(jiang)蓄冷系統(tong)(tong)的投資回(hui)(hui)報周期通(tong)(tong)常在(zai)(zai)3-5年(nian)。雖然(ran)系統(tong)(tong)初投資比(bi)常規空調系統(tong)(tong)高出20%-30%，但通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電費(fei)(fei)節(jie)約可在(zai)(zai)較短(duan)(duan)時間內收(shou)回(hui)(hui)增量(liang)成(cheng)本。在(zai)(zai)實行峰谷電價(jia)差(cha)較大(da)的地區，投資回(hui)(hui)收(shou)期可能更短(duan)(duan)。系統(tong)(tong)的經濟性還(huan)體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)容(rong)量(liang)費(fei)(fei)用節(jie)省上，許(xu)多地區的電力收(shou)費(fei)(fei)包含基(ji)(ji)于(yu)較大(da)需(xu)量(liang)的基(ji)(ji)本電費(fei)(fei)，冰漿(jiang)系統(tong)(tong)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)降低(di)白天較大(da)用電需(xu)求(qiu)，可帶來可觀的長期費(fei)(fei)用節(jie)約。全生命周期成(cheng)本分(fen)析表明，在(zai)(zai)運行超(chao)過(guo)10年(nian)的情況下，冰漿(jiang)蓄冷系統(tong)(tong)的總成(cheng)本通(tong)(tong)常低(di)于(yu)常規系統(tong)(tong)。

真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)法，水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)溫度是(shi)隨壓(ya)力變化的(de)(de)(de)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)在壓(ya)力為(wei)0.0061bar、溫度為(wei)0.01℃時達(da)到其三相點。如果在真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)內噴入水(shui)(shui)(shui)，并(bing)將(jiang)由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)滴表面(mian)產生的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)連續地抽(chou)(chou)出，被(bei)抽(chou)(chou)出的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)由(you)于(yu)吸收(shou)了液滴的(de)(de)(de)熱量，結果使液滴溫度下降直至(zhi)變成(cheng)(cheng)冰粒子(zi)由(you)液滴表面(mian)產生的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)由(you)機(ji)械(xie)壓(ya)縮裝(zhuang)置抽(chou)(chou)走，被(bei)壓(ya)縮的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)再由(you)凝(ning)結器冷(leng)凝(ning)成(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)法冰漿發(fa)生系(xi)(xi)統，它由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應系(xi)(xi)統、真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)、蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)縮機(ji)、蒸氣(qi)凝(ning)結器和(he)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應系(xi)(xi)統是(shi)由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)罐(guan)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)和(he)噴嘴組成(cheng)(cheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)加壓(ya)至(zhi)0.7MPa后供(gong)給噴嘴，真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)實際上是(shi)一個蒸發(fa)器，在真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)上部空(kong)(kong)間布置有(you)中(zhong)空(kong)(kong)錐形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)噴嘴，壓(ya)縮系(xi)(xi)統是(shi)由(you)兩級壓(ya)縮機(ji)組成(cheng)(cheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)凝(ning)結采用(yong)(yong)殼管式換熱器，用(yong)(yong)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)作冷(leng)卻(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)抽(chou)(chou)出系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)不凝(ning)氣(qi)體。冰漿管道采用(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材質，彎頭設計(ji)減少阻力，避免冰晶堵塞(sai)。

冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)的壓力(li)降(jiang)隨速(su)度(du)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)晶(jing)濃(nong)度(du)的變化。冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)的壓力(li)降(jiang)與其摩(mo)擦(ca)系數、冰(bing)(bing)晶(jing)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)和(he)冰(bing)(bing)晶(jing)濃(nong)度(du)有關。在(zai)低(di)速(su)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)溶(rong)液出現了(le)相分離，冰(bing)(bing)晶(jing)漂浮在(zai)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)的上(shang)部，這將增(zeng)加不(bu)同濃(nong)度(du)冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)溶(rong)液間(jian)(jian)的壓力(li)降(jiang)變化。從圖8中可以(yi)看出，在(zai)低(di)速(su)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，不(bu)同濃(nong)度(du)的冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)溶(rong)液間(jian)(jian)的壓力(li)降(jiang)差(cha)別(bie)變化較(jiao)大(da)，這是由于(yu)低(di)速(su)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)冰(bing)(bing)晶(jing)漂浮在(zai)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)上(shang)部，引起冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)有效流(liu)通(tong)(tong)截(jie)面積減小，從而使(shi)其流(liu)速(su)增(zeng)加，阻力(li)變化較(jiao)大(da);同時(shi)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)上(shang)部聚(ju)集(ji)的冰(bing)(bing)晶(jing)也使(shi)其摩(mo)擦(ca)阻力(li)增(zeng)大(da)。在(zai)高速(su)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，不(bu)同冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)濃(nong)度(du)溶(rong)液與冷水之間(jian)(jian)壓力(li)降(jiang)差(cha)值(zhi)變化較(jiao)小，這是由于(yu)高速(su)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)使(shi)得冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)溶(rong)液成為均勻流(liu)動(dong)(dong)。機場航站樓采用冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄冷后，夏季峰值(zhi)用電負荷(he)下降(jiang)28%。四川(chuan)動(dong)(dong)態冰(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄冷供(gong)應商(shang)

冰(bing)漿含(han)冰(bing)率通過密度計或超聲波傳(chuan)感器實(shi)時監測，優化系統控制。四川氣體射(she)流冰(bing)漿蓄冷保溫

(盤(pan)(pan)管和(he)(he)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)球(qiu)(qiu)放(fang)(fang)冷(leng)速率(lv)(lv)(lv)只(zhi)有(you)總(zong)蓄(xu)冷(leng)量的(de)(de) 12.5%，在(zai)一般空調的(de)(de) 10小時，只(zhi)能平均融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)，運(yun)(yun)行收益大打折扣)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)速率(lv)(lv)(lv)高，運(yun)(yun)行費用多 30%以上，冰(bing)(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)表(biao)面積是盤(pan)(pan)管和(he)(he)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)球(qiu)(qiu)結(jie)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)上百倍(bei)，幾(ji)乎沒有(you)融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)放(fang)(fang)冷(leng)速率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制，在(zai)融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)供冷(leng)時，可以集(ji)中在(zai)電(dian)價高峰時段(duan)，較好(hao)地保(bao)證了用戶的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行效益。而盤(pan)(pan)管和(he)(he)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)球(qiu)(qiu)受(shou)限(xian)(xian)極為有(you)限(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)表(biao)面積和(he)(he)靜止水(shui)的(de)(de)不良傳(chuan)熱(re)條(tiao)件，融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)放(fang)(fang)冷(leng)速率(lv)(lv)(lv)只(zhi)有(you)總(zong)蓄(xu)冷(leng)量的(de)(de)12.5%，融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)放(fang)(fang)冷(leng)時，基本是平均在(zai)10小時以上的(de)(de)供冷(leng)時間，50%以上融(rong)(rong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)冷(leng)量浪費在(zai)電(dian)價平段(duan)，沒有(you)很好(hao)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行效益。四川氣(qi)體射(she)流冰(bing)(bing)(bing)漿(jiang)(jiang)蓄(xu)冷(leng)保(bao)溫